Get help, advice and information on all your Computers and Technology issues. http://advice-and.info/Computers-and-Technology/backup.htm Mon, 04 Aug 2008 02:49:05 GMT en As new techniques and technologies are being introduced with the passage of time, it has become more important for the comapanies to adapt new techniques to have backup storage for the data. Therefore, the data storage medium must have fast data recovery ands storage speed. The data storage medium must be faster and reliable in order to compete in the market. For the purpose of backup storage, the magnetic tape is considered as one of the most rigid, reliable, effiecient and robust medium. The ultrium LTO (Linear Tape Open) tape offers its users the best solutions to solve the backup storage issues. It has the capacity to store and retrieve high volumes of data at a high speed. All the cryptosystems are based on the cryptographic algorithm techniques. The cryptographic algorithm techniques are described below: The secret key encryption The Secret Key encryption is also known as symmetric encryption. This Secret Key encryption technique uses one key for encryption and decryption as well. The secre t key is subdivided into two more classes that are the stream ciphers and block ciphers. The block ciphers operate on discreet blocks of data, while on the other hand the stream ciphers encrypt character by providing a continuous stream of encrypted data. The need of high-performance applications is supported by the secret key. Symmetric encryption is best suited for large amounts of fast moving data, usually encrypted in blocks. DES (Defense Encryption Standard), triple DES, AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) and Blowfish are typical examples of Symmetric encryption algorithms. The Hash technique of encryption The hash technique is also known as a Message Digest and one-way hashes. The Message Digest simply maps plaintext of any length into cipher text of a fixed length. This technique is widely used for primitive security checks for digital signatures, message integrity, or for password verification. Cryptographic hash functions are used to prove message integrity and create digital cer http://advice-and.info/Computers-and-Technology/89993_The_Advantage_Of_Cryptographic_Algorithms_In_Ultrium_Lto_Backup_Tape_Drive.html Thu, 03 Jul 2008 16:34:21 GMT The LTO-4 format has the capability to encryptdecrypt data within the tape drive hardware. The LTO 4 ultrium backup tape does not require the software based encryption and its inherent performance overheads. The LTO-4 Ultrium Tape Drive allows data to be encrypted following compression maintaining optimum storage efficiency. Through compression, the tape drive hardware-based data encryption also improves the efficient use of available storage capacity. The other methods of encryption leave compression until after the encryption process has taken place, often producing random data that cannot be compressed. Encryption is a standard part of the Ultrium LTO4 format which requires that all drives must be encryption aware. All LTO 4 tape drives from any vendor will return the appropriate sense codes when presented with an encrypted LTO4 backup cartridge tape. The implementation of the encryption capability is, however, optional and consequently some manufacturer's LTO-4 drives may not have this capability. W here drives have encryption enabled, interchange of encrypted data is made possible by the standard nature of the format specification, regardless of manufacturer. The Ultrium LTO4 backup tape drive can read the LTO2 format tapes and on other hand, reads and writes LTO3 format tapes. However, encryption is not a supported feature of either the LTO3 or LTO2 tape format or drives. The encryption function of the tape drive is controlled by two new SCSI commands that are approved by the SCSI T10 standards committee, Security Protocol In (SPIN) and Security Protocol Out (SPOUT). SPOUT is used to enable encryption and sets the key, while SPIN is used to obtain the encryption status of the drive. The Ultrium LTO 4 Tape Drive encryption standard is AES Galois Counter Mode with a 256-bit key. This is a secret key (or symmetric) algorithm, requiring the same key encrypt and decrypt data. To maintain security the key is not transferred to the tape cartridge under any circumstances and is only retained by the dr http://advice-and.info/Computers-and-Technology/89132_Ultrium_Lto4_Backup_Tape_Drive_Encryption.html Thu, 26 Jun 2008 23:34:08 GMT The LTO ( Linear Tape Open ) tapes came in two forms Accelis and Ultrium. The Accelis is 8 mm tape, dual reel cartridge. It was actually developed in 1997, and the purpose was the fast access to data, that loads at the midpoint of the tape to minimize access time. IBM were the pioneer in this tape format by introducing (short-lived) 3570 Magstar MP product. The real-world performance of Accelis does not exceed that of Ultrium tape format. Ultrium is 12" tape, single reel cartridge. In the mid 1980s, DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation) and IBM (International Business Machines) converted this kind of tape into a single reel, enclosed cartridge. IBM named their cartridge 3480. LTO Ultrium was developed as a replacement for DLT(Digital Linear Tape). This development made possible for robotic tape library vendors to convert their DLT libraries into LTO. The Ultrium drive reads data from a cartridge in its own generation and at least the two prior generations, and writes data to a cartridge in its own genera tion and to a cartridge from the immediate prior generation in the prior generation format. LTO tape products and versions are: LTO 1, LTO 2, LTO 3, LTO 4, LTO Barcode Labels, LTO Cartridge Memory Reader, LTO Cleaning Cartridge and LTO Empty Cases. LTO 5 and LTO 6 under development and will be available in future. LTO-1 ( 100200 GB) Released in September 2000 LTO-1 was the developed by Seagate, HP and IBM as a contender for the market that was then dominated by DLT tapes (owned by Quantum). LTO-1 has 100 GB native capacity and compressed rate of 200 GB Has a transfer rate of up to 15 MBs. Uses RLL 1,7 (Run length limited) Tape thickness is 8.9 μm, and tape length is 609 m. LTO-1 has 384 tracks. Wraps per band are 12 and linear density (bitsmm) is 4880. Bit density is low, compared to second and third generations. LTO-1 tapes have a quick to market design and are made by easy techn http://advice-and.info/Computers-and-Technology/88628_The_Lto-1_Ultrium_Backup_Tape_Media_Cartridge.html Thu, 19 Jun 2008 08:03:01 GMT For sure you have been using your computer for saving and storing important files that may bee too important for you and for your business. If you have been using a personal computer for quite some time and you still have not encountered problems regarding possible data loss, you are lucky. However, you are not really spared from that problem. That is why you should invest in backup software. You would not resent spending a little amount of time, effort and money into installing a copy of that computer program into your PC. So, you are keeping important files on a disk of your computer. Are you not concerned that the data may be lost? Important information you are keeping may be a matter of life and death for you and your company. That is the main reason why it is important that you invest in backup software. http://advice-and.info/Computers-and-Technology/85207_What_Is_A_Backup_Software.html Sat, 19 Apr 2008 12:17:05 GMT Material blemish Of Peripherals and hard disk damages show cryptogram of file corruption before affecting the raw data. Upon knowing the sign of hard disk failure, it is important to make back-ups to avoid losing current and past data. Accidents and inescapable conditions can also cause tangential damages in a PC, which can lead to data loss. Overheating of the CPU can lead to chain reaction and shut of the computer. Constant crashing without proper shutting down procedure is one of the harshest of data destroyer. Usually the current file being worked on before the big crash happened is the one rendered useless afterwards. Virus Attack on computer intruders will not give computers any benefit. Virus is always created to destroy data. By installing an effective anti-virus, this problem can be avoided or can be resolved easier than not having one. Careless downloading of any freebies in the Internet is harmful. It is important to understand how ad wares can harm your local file in just one click. Virus propagators in the net are using advertising tools to gain access remotely to any private data. http://advice-and.info/Computers-and-Technology/79938_Linux_Data_Backup_And_Recovery_Sympathetic_And_Thoughtful_Subject.html Sat, 01 Mar 2008 23:38:39 GMT